How Microcurrent Therapy Facilitates Modulation Of Cellular Signalling Pathways

Influence on Membrane Potential:

Microcurrent therapy (MCT) can alter the membrane potential of cells. The membrane potential is the electrical potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell, maintained by the balance of ions across the cell membrane.

Changes in membrane potential can trigger the activation or inhibition of ion channels, which are crucial for various cellular signalling pathways.

Activation of Intracellular Signalling Cascades:

MCT can activate several intracellular signalling cascades, including the PI3K, cAMP, PTEN, ERK1/2, and calcium signalling pathways.

These pathways regulate various cellular functions such as growth, adhesion, differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression.

Regulation of Ion Channels:

MCT can modulate the activity of ion channels, particularly voltage-gated calcium channels1. The influx of calcium ions through these channels can activate calcium-dependent signalling pathways.

For example, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) can be activated by calcium influx, which in turn phosphorylates and activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Modulation of Gene Expression:

MCT can influence gene expression through various mechanisms, such as the modulation of transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and the regulation of mRNA stability.

This can lead to changes in the expression of genes involved in cellular repair, regeneration, and other physiological processes.

Enhancement of Cellular Communication:

Bioelectrical signals facilitated by MCT can enhance cell-cell communication, which is essential for coordinated cellular responses.

This can underpin efficient growth, organization, morphogenesis, and regeneration in tissues.

Promotion of Cellular Regeneration and Tissue Repair:

By modulating signalling pathways, MCT promotes cellular regeneration and tissue repair. This includes the activation of pathways that enhance ATP production, protein synthesis, and cellular proliferation.